Janardan
Crisis in the international liberal order opportunities and challenges for rising power - World Affairs - 27(2), Apr-Jun, 2023: p.10-21
History is the witness of the rise and decline of many international systems. A liberal international order was created to manage the international governance by the victorious powers post the Second World War. The Bretton Woods international political institutions were supplemented by the pro- liberal economic system. During the Cold War and post-1990s, the liberal international order (ILO) was strengthened and expanded by international financial institutions, but the United States’ commitment to support and protect it weakened during President Donald Trump’s administration, in the belief that the current (ILO) was not fulfilling the American interests as compared to others, especially China. The COVID-19 pandemic deepened this crisis and rising powers, particularly China projected themselves as alternative models. The emerging economic and political powers such as India, Brazil, South Africa, Russia, China—have regional leadership roles and desire to gain more autonomy. This paper analyses whether the US current leadership is willing to work with rising powers, particularly with China. It also seeks to outline the challenges and differences among the rising powers that have the potential to limit their cooperation.- Reproduced
Crisis in the international liberal order opportunities and challenges for rising power - World Affairs - 27(2), Apr-Jun, 2023: p.10-21
History is the witness of the rise and decline of many international systems. A liberal international order was created to manage the international governance by the victorious powers post the Second World War. The Bretton Woods international political institutions were supplemented by the pro- liberal economic system. During the Cold War and post-1990s, the liberal international order (ILO) was strengthened and expanded by international financial institutions, but the United States’ commitment to support and protect it weakened during President Donald Trump’s administration, in the belief that the current (ILO) was not fulfilling the American interests as compared to others, especially China. The COVID-19 pandemic deepened this crisis and rising powers, particularly China projected themselves as alternative models. The emerging economic and political powers such as India, Brazil, South Africa, Russia, China—have regional leadership roles and desire to gain more autonomy. This paper analyses whether the US current leadership is willing to work with rising powers, particularly with China. It also seeks to outline the challenges and differences among the rising powers that have the potential to limit their cooperation.- Reproduced