Dutta, A., Aroara, R.C. and Goswami, R.B.
Analysis of relationship between Hawala & terror finance in Indian context - The Indian Police Journal - 65(4), Oct-Dec, 2018: p.81-103
Abstract: Hawala system was introduced long before the introduction of modern banking system, and such system was expanded in most parts of world by the then traders’ community for safety in transactions. The word hawala means trust. But in course of time it became a tool for economic offenders to shift money to a tax haven, more over different nefarious elements like arms; gold and narcotics offenders used this mode for either receiving or paying money. In recent times, however, it has been observed that terror outfits have also used this channel to transfer funds for the purpose of engineering and sustaining terror activity. The objective of this paper is to discuss the role of hawala with different nefarious elements and with terror outfits. Relevancy of scientific evidence to prove such cases along with necessary points for fruitful investigation are also discussed in the document. Several suggestions have been appended at conclusion that may be considered by the enforcement agencies and other stakeholders for appropriate use to solve the problem.-Reproduced
https://bprd.nic.in/uploads/pdf/IPJ%20Oct-Dec%202018%20(for%20web).pdf
Analysis of relationship between Hawala & terror finance in Indian context - The Indian Police Journal - 65(4), Oct-Dec, 2018: p.81-103
Abstract: Hawala system was introduced long before the introduction of modern banking system, and such system was expanded in most parts of world by the then traders’ community for safety in transactions. The word hawala means trust. But in course of time it became a tool for economic offenders to shift money to a tax haven, more over different nefarious elements like arms; gold and narcotics offenders used this mode for either receiving or paying money. In recent times, however, it has been observed that terror outfits have also used this channel to transfer funds for the purpose of engineering and sustaining terror activity. The objective of this paper is to discuss the role of hawala with different nefarious elements and with terror outfits. Relevancy of scientific evidence to prove such cases along with necessary points for fruitful investigation are also discussed in the document. Several suggestions have been appended at conclusion that may be considered by the enforcement agencies and other stakeholders for appropriate use to solve the problem.-Reproduced
https://bprd.nic.in/uploads/pdf/IPJ%20Oct-Dec%202018%20(for%20web).pdf