Azad, P. and Ratnakumari, K .A.

Inequalities in landholdings: Evidence from social groups in INDIA - Economic & Political Weekly - 61(18), May 2. 2026: p.48-56

This paper analyses landholding inequality in India using data from the 2019 NSSO All India Debt and Investment Survey. It finds persistent disparities across social groups, with Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes facing acute deprivation despite land reforms. Landownership is highly concentrated, particularly among the top decile. The analysis suggests that post-reform economic policies have reinforced these inequalities, with sharper disparities urban areas for SCs and STs, and significant concentration among affluent Other Backward Classes and Forward Castes in rural areas. The paper also links landholding inequality to debt vulnerability, underscoring the need for policies promoting more equitable land access and distribution.-Reproduced

https://www.epw.in/journal/2026/18/special-articles/inequalities-landholdings.html

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