| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
01448pab a2200169 454500 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
180718b2000 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Bollen, Kenneth A. |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Subjective measures of liberal democracy |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2000 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
p.58-86 |
| 362 ## - DATES OF PUBLICATION AND/OR SEQUENTIAL DESIGNATION |
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| Dates of publication and/or sequential designation |
Feb |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Using democracy in empirical work requires accurate measurement. Yet, most policy and academic research presupposes the accuracy of available measures. This article explores judge-specific measurement errors in cros-national indicators of liberal democracy. The authors evaluate the magnitude of these errors in widely used measures of democracy and determine whether their results replicate during a 17-year period (1972 to 1988). Then, they examine the nature of these systematic errors, hypothesizing that three different processes - (a) the information available for rating, (b) the judges' processing of this information, and (c) the method by which a judge's processing decisions are translated into a rating - could create error. The authors find that for the 17-year period from 1972 to 1988, there is unambiguous evidence of judge-specific measurement errors, which are related to traits of the countries. In the conclusion, the authors discuss the implications for democracy research and for other subjective measures. - Reproduced |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Liberalism |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Paxton, Pamela |
| 773 ## - HOST ITEM ENTRY |
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| Main entry heading |
Comparative Political Studies |
| 909 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
44000 |
