| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
01590nam a22001577a 4500 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
230329b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Hayakawa, Kazunobu |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Impacts of vaccination on international trade during the pandemic Era |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc |
The Developing Economics |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
60(4), Dec, 2022: p. 206-227 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc |
This paper examines how COVID-19 vaccinations change international trade. We analyze monthly level trade data from January 2020 to March 2022 that cover the bilateral exports from 40 reporting countries to 220 partner countries. Our findings can be summarized as follows. On average, the effects of vaccination rates in importing and exporting countries on exports were found to be insignificant. When considering the income level, we also did not find significant effects of vaccination rates in high- and low-income importing countries on exports. In contrast, the rise of vaccination rates in low-income exporting countries significantly increased their exports though no significant increase in exports was detected when vaccination rates rose in high-income exporting countries. These results imply that since low-income countries are mainly engaged in labor-intensive industries, the relaxation of lockdown orders (i.e., movement and gathering restrictions) driven by the rise of vaccination rates plays a crucial role in production activities in low-income countries. – Reproduced |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
Covid-19, Lockdown orders, Trade, Vaccination. |
| 9 (RLIN) |
37104 |
| 773 ## - HOST ITEM ENTRY |
|---|
| Main entry heading |
The Developing Economics |
| 906 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT F, LDF (RLIN) |
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| Subject DIP |
VACCINATION |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Item type |
Articles |
