Rutherlord, Amanda creator text xu| 2014 continuing ng p.440-458. How do accountability policies affect failing organizations? Are additional interventions used to turnaround underperforming agencies effective in raising performance outputs? This paper investigates the effectiveness of turnaround policies in organizations that persistently fail to meet accountability standards. Using Performance-Based Monitoring Analysis System (PBMAS) data from 169 school districts in Texas, this paper shows that turnaround interventions have only limited success. While monitoring strategies work for the most salient performance indicator in the short term, improvements quickly dissipate following an intervention. Supporting the notion that management matters, results also show that the typeof monitor assigned to a failing school can affect the extent of improvement in performance. - Reproduced. Organizational change Accountability Performance appraisal American Review of Public Administration 180718