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  <controlfield tag="008">180718b2014   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Nelson, Ashlyn Aiko</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Local government responses to fiscal stress: Evidence from the public education sector</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">2014</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">p.601-614.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="362" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Sep-Oct</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">This article investigates local government responses to fiscal stress through the lens of the K&#xFF96;12 public education sector, examining two major policy options available to school districts for managing fiscal hardship: (1) cutting costs, especially through layoffs, and (2) raising revenues locally through voter referenda. The article employs district-level administrative and survey data from California and Indiana to examine whether school districts exhibit features of a rational or natural system&#xFF97;in which their behaviors largely reflect fiscal pressures only&#xFF97;or whether they exhibit features of an open system in which nonfinancial factors also shape responses. In Indiana, district fiscal characteristics explaindifferences in cost-cutting and revenue-raising behaviors; there is little empirical evidence that school districts exhibit features of an open system. In California, both fiscal and environmental attributes, including poverty characteristics, average student achievement levels, and the enrollment of English learner students, explain school district behaviors. - Repro</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Economic recession</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Public administration</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Local government</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Balu, Rekha</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="773" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Public Administration Review</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="908" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">N</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">106296</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">106291</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">106291</subfield>
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    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">IIPA</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">IIPA</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2018-07-19</subfield>
    <subfield code="h">Volume no: 74, Issue no: 5</subfield>
    <subfield code="p">AR106756</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2018-07-19</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2018-07-19</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">AR</subfield>
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