Mei, Ciqi creator Pearson, Margaret M. text xu| 2017 continuing ng p.203-216. While China is not often thought of as a prime location for implementation of "managing for results" mechanisms of New Public Management, in fact, the reform era leadership-consistent with implementation of many market mechanisms in the economyﾗinitiated cadre management principles imbued with results-based techniques. This article discusses how dilemmas inherent in MFR principles play out in China's institutional context. It examines an understudied "punishing for results" technique employed in China, the "hold-to-account" system, and demonstrates how this punishment technique reveals inherent dilemmas that also can be expected if applied in other state-centric developing countries. - Reproduce Public administration - China Public administration Public Administration and Development 180718