The dynamics of political control of the bureaucracy
A new paradigm of political-bureaucratic relations emerged through the 1980s holding that U.S. democratic institutions continously shape nonelective public bureaucracies. Several empirical studies support the paradigm with evidence suggestive of political Manipulation but non reveals the scope or specific mechanisms of political control. The authors explore the dynamics of political control of the bureaucracy explicityly to determine the scope and mechanisms. Examine output time series from sevel different public bureaucracies for responsiveness to political tools applied in the late carter and early Reagan administrations. Authors find responsiveness in all seven cases. The evidence also shows that poli