Aberbach, Joel D. creator Bert A., Rockman Daniel B., Mezger text continuing

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According to the author this article is a review of research conducted by Joel D. Aberbach, Bert A. Rockman and their colleagues on the backgrounds, roles, responsibilities and relationships between high-level bureaucrats and politicians in several Western democracies. Bureaucrats and politicians each consider themselves policy-makers but tend to approach policy-making in characteristically different ways. Bureaucrats are the more stable and conserving elite, they tent to maintain equilibrium in the policy environment. Politicians are more rist-taking, they tend to inject energy and initiative into the policy process. Distinctions between bureaucrats and politicians are less clear in the United States, wher Legislator Bureaucrat Politician Civil Service U.S.A Australia Civil Service and Legislators Australian Journal of Public Administration 180718