01016pab a2200133 454500008004000000100002000040245007800060260000900138300001500147520063500162650001800797650001600815773005100831180718b1993   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aGargan, John J.  aSpecifying elements of professionalism and the process of professionalism  c1993  ap.1861-884  a"The redefinition of occupations as professions has been a defining characteristic of the past century. Professions are based in bodies of esoteric knowledge and related skills. Organizational structures associated with professions include advanced university programs and professional associations. Both the schools and the associations socialize neophyte and career professionals to exemplary practices and criteria of ethical behavior. Over time, the success of a profession depends upon developments in three domains of activity: theory generation, theory translation and advocacy, and theory implementation and routinization"  aIntellectuals  aProfessions  aInternational Journal of Public Administration