01067pab a2200157 454500 180718b1993 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d Gargan, John J. Specifying elements of professionalism and the process of professionalism 1993 p.1861-884 "The redefinition of occupations as professions has been a defining characteristic of the past century. Professions are based in bodies of esoteric knowledge and related skills. Organizational structures associated with professions include advanced university programs and professional associations. Both the schools and the associations socialize neophyte and career professionals to exemplary practices and criteria of ethical behavior. Over time, the success of a profession depends upon developments in three domains of activity: theory generation, theory translation and advocacy, and theory implementation and routinization" Intellectuals Professions International Journal of Public Administration 26348 26348 26348 0 0 0 0 IIPA IIPA 2018-07-19 Volume no: 16, Issue no: 12 AR26440 2018-07-19 2018-07-19 AR