Toshiyuki Masujima creator text xu| 1997 continuing ng p.247-50 The total number of public employees in Japan is 4,992,009; of this number, 1,161,979 are employed by the national government, 3,282,492 by local governments and 547,538 by government corporations. Strictly speaking, employees of government corporations are not included as part of public-sector employment. As of 1991, there were 40 public employees for every 1000 members of the population, compared to 120 in France, 81 in the United States and 80 in the United Kingdom. At the national level, the public service is composed of non-industrial employees (534,368); industrial employees, e.g. postal services, forest services, printing and mint (322,836); self-defence forces (273,801); and employees of the Diet, Courts etc. (30,974). This report focuses primarily on the first two categories (a total of 857,204 employees) which make up the staff of the ministries and agencies under the Cabinet and are subject to the control of the Management and Coordination Agency (MCA). - Reproduced Civil service - Japan Civil service International Review of Administrative Sciences 180718