01276pab a2200169 454500 180718b1998 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d Squires, Gregory D. Fringe banking in Milwaukee: the rise of check-cashing businesses and the emergence of a two-tiered banking system 1998 p.126-49 Sep Check-cashing businesses constitute a growing industry, particularly in low-income and non-white neighborhoods. This case study of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, finds that check-cashing businesses are concentrated in the central city while conventional banks are concentrated in outlying city and suburban communities. These services are growing, despite relatively high fees, primarily because of their convenient hours and locations for central-city residents, exclusionary behavior by conventional institutions, and financial problems of area households. More effective marketing by conventional banks and more aggressive enforcement of community reinvestment requirements by regulatory agencies would blunt development of two-tiered banking and facilitate revitalization of distressed communities. - Reproduced Banks O'Connor, Sally Urban Affairs Review 40691 40691 40691 0 0 0 0 IIPA IIPA 2018-07-19 Volume no: 34, Issue no: 1 AR41066 2018-07-19 2018-07-19 AR