00945pab a2200133 454500008004000000100001400040245009000054260000900144300001300153362000800166520057700174650002700751773003300778180718b1998   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aAbbot, Jo  aBeyond tools and methods: reviewing developments in participatory learning and action  c1998  ap.231-34  aApr  aThis paper reviews recent innovations in the use of participatory tools and methods that are relevant to urban areas. This includes the use of participatory approaches for understanding poverty, involving children, identifying livelihood opportunities, and monitoring and evaluating projects. It also highlights recent literature which discusses how participatory and conventional research and planning methodologies can be combined, and how institutional and policy contexts can be changed in order to be more supportive of participatory learning and action. - Reproduced  aParticipatory research  aEnvironment and Urbanization