00862pab a2200145 454500008004000000100001800040245006600058260000900124300001100133362000800144520051200152650002200664650001400686773001600700180718b1999   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aMander, Harsh  aTowards direct democracy: the legal empowerment of Gram Sabha  c1999  ap.2-13  aOct  aThe 73rd Constitutional Aamendment in 1993 for the first time created a statutory imperative for the establishment of legally empowered Gram Sabhas in India. Most state legislatures accordingly provided for the establishment of Gram Sabhas, but the statutes remained vague and half hearted about procedures and powers, and in the absence of political mobilisation and awareness about the potential of Gram Sabhas, they have for the most part remained dysfunctional and unempowered instructions. - Reproduced  aRural development  aPanchayat  aKurukshetra