Mander, Harsh creator text xu| 1999 continuing ng p.2-13 The 73rd Constitutional Aamendment in 1993 for the first time created a statutory imperative for the establishment of legally empowered Gram Sabhas in India. Most state legislatures accordingly provided for the establishment of Gram Sabhas, but the statutes remained vague and half hearted about procedures and powers, and in the absence of political mobilisation and awareness about the potential of Gram Sabhas, they have for the most part remained dysfunctional and unempowered instructions. - Reproduced Rural development Panchayat Kurukshetra 180718