01247pab a2200133 454500008004000000100002300040245006300063260000900126300001200135362000800147520089100155650001601046773005101062180718b2000   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aSchott, Richard L.  aThe origins of bureaucracy: an anthropological perspective  c2000  ap.53-78  aJan  aMany decades have passed since the first appearance of Max Weber's seminal study, in Wirtschaft and Gesellschaft, of the origins and characteristics of bureaucracy. His analysis was, naturally, dependent on the existing knowledge of his day; but the growth and maturity of archaeology and anthropology as academic disciplines have shed much new light on the historical and social contexts in which bureaucratic organizations emerged. This article, using Sumerian civilization as a case in point, summarizes much of what we now know about the conditions under which bureaucracy first originated and flourished. In so doing, it identifies several major human developmental and social transformations - the hominid revolution, the agrarian revolution, and the urban revolution - which played vital roles in the evolution and expansion of the bureaucratic form of organization. - Reproduced  aBureaucracy  aInternational Journal of Public Administration