01218pab a2200193 454500 180718b2001 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d Gordon, Alec Contract labour in rubber plantations: impact of smallholders in colonial South-East Asia 2001 p.847-60 10 Mar The rubber boom in colonial south-east Asia was followed by the arrival in increasing numbers of indentured labour from other colonised areas, mainly India, to serve in the larger-scale plantations. Despite the gradual abolition of indentured labour, the contract system that took its place, perpetuated the workers' exploitation, albeit in a different manner. Free labour would arrive only with independence. Independence would also see the formation of the first labour organisations, the end of long-distance recruitment and also released the long-suffering smallholder from any restraints on production and land use. - Reproduced Employment - South East Asia Labour - South East Asia Conditions of employment - South East Asia Conditions of employment Economic and Political Weekly 47862 47862 47862 0 0 0 0 IIPA IIPA 2018-07-19 Volume no: 36, Issue no: 10 AR48290 2018-07-19 2018-07-19 AR