Scarrow, Susan E. creator text xu| 2001 continuing ng p.651-65 Is direct democracy on the rise around the world? Previous efforts to answer this question have investigated paterns of referendum usage and have found only small and isolated increases. In contrast, the current study focuses on patterns of institutional change and finds a broad movement to redesign institutions in ways that give citizens more opportunities to exercise direct control over political decision making. - Reproduced Democracy Comparative Political Studies 180718