Miao-Sheng Chen creator Chung-Chiang Chen text xu| 2001 continuing ng p.435-50 The hazardous substance contained in chemical products will be released into the environment as pollutants in various form after consumer's consumption, which usually involves with chemical reaction. We construct a model by taking fuel as an example to determine the impurity (e.g. sulfur content) level and emission (e.g. SOx) standard as environmental regulation under various market structure. The impact of the restriction on impurity level in fuel on production level, emission standard and welfare is examined. - Reproduced Pollution Indian Journal of Economics 180718