01154nam a2200133   4500008004100000100001900041245010500060260000900165300001500174520074800189650001700937650001500954773005100969190214b           ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aAli, Hamid E.,  aState transitions form rigidity  to fragility and failure:bthe case of Middle East and North Africa  c2018  ap.765-771.  aThe taxonomy of the state’s effective governance capacity present in the literature is evolving around state fragility. However, this article argues that a state moves along the state transition curve, resulting in governance capacity variations over time. It begins as a fragile state, consolidating to becoming a vibrant state, only to embark, eventually, on a downward trajectory through phases of rigidity, decaying, and fragility, before becoming a failed state. About one-third of MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries are either fragile or failed states. Only technological change and knowledge accumulation and diffusion can shift this curve upward, thereby increasing a state’s effective governance capacity. - Reproduced.  aE governance  aGovernance  aInternational Journal of Public Administration