01880nam a22001577a 4500999001900000008004100019100003200060245008100092260004700173300003500220520127600255773004701531906002701578942000701605952011001612  c514417d514417201031b           ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aKennedy, Kendall J. 920695  aThe Unexpected effects of no pass, no drive polices on high school education  aJournal of Policy Analysis and Management   a39(1), Winter, 2020: p.191-217  aSince 1988, 27 states have introduced No Pass, No Drive laws, which tie a teenager's ability to receive and maintain a driver's license to various school‐related outcomes—most commonly, enrollment and attendance. Enrollment‐Based No Pass, No Drive policies, in 21 states, target both enrollment and attendance, and have negligible effects on dropout rates. However, these policies decrease the Averaged Freshman Graduation Rate (AFGR) by between 1 and 1.7 percentage points. This lower graduation rate stems from students delaying their dropout decision by up to two years. As a result, these students are retained in the ninth and tenth grades, increasing 9th‐grade enrollment by 3.6 percent relative to 8th‐grade enrollment the year prior; this causes an artificial reduction in the graduation rate, rather than a reduction in the true likelihood that a student will graduate. Truancy‐Based No Pass, No Drive policies, in five states, target only attendance—teens that fail to meet a minimum attendance requirement lose their driver's license. However, these policies allow students to drop out of school without facing this penalty. These policies increase the annual dropout rate by between 23 and 34 percent (1 to 1.6 percentage points). -Reproduced 

  aJournal of Policy Analysis and Management   aEDUCATIONAL ATTENDANCE  cAR  00102ddc40709388425aIIPAbIIPAd2020-10-31h39(1), Winter, 2020: p.191-217pAR123421r2020-10-31yAR