Chen, Ting, Kai-sing Kung, James and  Ma, Chicheng <br/><br/>
Long live Keju! The persistent effects of China’s civil examination system 

 - The Economic Journal   
 - 130(631), Oct, 2020: p.2030-2064 
<br/><br/> China's civil examination system (keju), an incredibly long-lived institution, has a persistent impact on human capital outcomes today. Using the variation in the density of jinshi—the highest qualification—across 278 Chinese prefectures in the Ming-Qing period (c. 1368–1905) to proxy for this effect, we find that a doubling of jinshi per 10,000 population leads to an 8.5% increase in years of schooling in 2010. The persistent effect of keju can be attributed to a multitude of channels including cultural transmission, educational infrastructure, social capital and, to a lesser extent, political elites. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Civil examination system, Keju, Human capital