01117pab a2200181 454500 180718b2001 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d Pelled, Alon Do computers out red tape? 2001 p.414-35. Dec Large public organizations that adopted computers in the early 1960s ever since have been accumulating "electronic mounds" consisting of layers upon layers of computer systems, data cemeteries, and software-inscribed, special case rules. These electronic mounds acquire a life of their own and are responsible for huge amounts of new electronic red tape that, in turn, inhibit flexibility, innovation, and reform. However, these electronic mounds are also the living carriers of organizational memory and needs, past and present. Organizations must learn how to coexist with their electronic mounds rather than constantly try to modernize them. - Reproduced. Computers - United States Corruption - United state Civil service American Review of Public Administration 52110 52110 52110 0 0 0 0 IIPA IIPA 2018-07-19 Volume no: 31, Issue no: 4 AR52540 2018-07-19 2018-07-19 AR