Ide, Enrique and Montero, Juan-Pablo  <br/><br/>
Monopolization with must-haves 

 - American Economic Journal: Microeconomics  
 - 16(3), Aug, 2024: p.284-320 
<br/><br/> An increasing number of monopolization cases have been constructed around the notion of "must-have" items: products that distributors must carry to "compete effectively." Motivated by these cases, we consider a multiproduct setting where upstream suppliers sell their products through competing distributors offering one-stop-shopping convenience to consumers. We show the emergence of products that distributors cannot afford not to carry if their rivals do. A supplier of such products can exploit this must-have property, along with tying and exclusivity provisions, to monopolize adjacent, otherwise-competitive markets. Policy interventions that ban tying or exclusivity provisions may prove ineffective or even backfire.- Reproduced <br/><br/>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/mic.20230018<br/>