Mohan, R. and   Ramakumar, R.  <br/><br/>
Vertical fiscal imbalances and their amelioration: A discussion in the Indian context 

 - Economic & Political Weekly  
 - 59(51), Dec  21, 2024: p.13-16 
<br/><br/> The vertical fiscal imbalance in India, as in many other countries, arises out of the expenditure obligations of the states being more than their revenue-raising powers. The provisions for addressing this are provided in Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. It is found that both pre- and post-tax devolution VFIs are widening in India. It is estimated that an average of 47.5% of the net proceeds of the union taxes must be devolved to the states to equalise the VFI between the union and all states. – Reproduced <br/><br/>https://www.epw.in/journal/commentary/vertical-fiscal-imbalances-and-their-amelioration.html<br/>