01382nam a22001097a 4500008004100000100002000041245009300061260004500154300003500199520098500234650005301219250709b           ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aAfridi, Farzana  aThe landscape of self-employment in India: trends, constraints, and policy prescriptions  a The Indian Journal of Labour Economics   a68(1), Jan-Mar, 2025: p. 23-44  aThis paper assesses the structure and quality of self-employment in India, over several decades. India, historically, has had a much larger share of workers who are self-employed and a smaller proportion of wage and salaried workers. This structure of labour force participation has not shifted much in decades. In recent years, the proportion of self-employed has risen relative to the pre-pandemic era, and much more so for women. At the same time, significant underemployment accompanies low earnings of the self-employed. The paper highlights three key constraints for improving the quality of or transitioning out of self-employment—vocational skilling, access to formal credit and legal support for entrepreneurship. It concludes by discussing the implications of technological change and digitisation for self-employment and the need for reforming the legal framework of self-employment in India. - Reproduced

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41027-025-00561-5  aself-employment, trends, quality, skills, gender