Areef, Mulla and  Sekhar, C.S.C. <br/><br/>
Productivity in the shadows: Unpaid female family labour in agriculture 

 - Economic & Political Weekly  
 - 60(40), Oct 4, 2025: p.37-47 
<br/><br/> <br/>The contribution of unpaid female family labour to Indian agriculture remains largely invisible, despite its crucial role in sustaining rural livelihoods. Drawing on household-level data from the National Sample Survey Office’s  Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households (2018–19) and employing an endogenous switching regression model, this paper finds that households not engaging in unpaid female family labour report, on average, one-third lower cultivation income. This finding underscores the centrality of women’s unpaid work in enhancing agricultural productivity.- Reproduced <br/><br/>https://www.epw.in/journal/2025/40/special-articles/productivity-shadows.html<br/>