01701nam a22001457a 4500 533001 533001 260410b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d Goel, Sapna and Adhikari, Ishwor 60043 Growth, structural transformation and female time-use in rural India: 1998–2019 The Indian Journal of Labour Economics 68(4), Oct-Dec, 2025: p.1343-1371 In the discourse on structural transformation and women’s work, it is crucial to examine both production and reproduction spheres. Women’s disproportionate burden in reproduction activities such as cooking, cleaning, and caregiving limits their participation in production sphere. Using Time-Use Survey (TUS) data from 1998 and 2019, we analyse the determinants of time rural women spend in non-System of National Accounts (SNA) activities during a period of high economic growth and structural change in India. The pooled cross-section regression reveals three key findings. Firstly, marital status significantly impacts women’s time in non-SNA activities, with married women spending more time than unmarried women, showing a “marriage penalty”. Secondly, women with primary or secondary education spend more time in non-SNA tasks than those without education. Thirdly, women employed in agriculture or non-agriculture sectors spend less time in these activities. These factors influence men’s non-SNA time as well, though to a lesser extent.-Reproduced https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41027-025-00598-6 Time-use, Production sphere, Social reproduction theory, Gender, Women’s work 60044 The Indian Journal of Labour Economics AR 0 0 ddc 0 0 408172 IIPA IIPA 2026-04-10 68(4), Oct-Dec, 2025: p.1343-1371 AR138513 2026-04-10 AR