01609nam a22001337a 4500 533054 533054 260421b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d Soules, Michael J. 60123 Rebels with too many causes: Diverse recruitment appeals and the intractability of civil conflicts Political Research Quarterly 78(4), Dec, 2025: p.1348-1362 Do rebel groups benefit from attempting to appeal to larger segments of society by mobilizing around more diverse ideologies? Prior work has examined a variety of dimensions of ideological recruitment in civil wars but has tended to overlook the ways in which the breadth of recruitment appeals made by rebels matters. I argue that rebel organizations suffer from attempts to appeal to a diversity of ideological issues. When rebel organizations represent diverse identities and ideological interests, internal fractionalization and credible commitment problems are exacerbated. These issues complicate the bargaining process, rendering conflicts more intractable. Using novel data on the diversity of ideological-based recruitment appeals employed by armed groups, I find evidence that rebel groups that mobilize around a greater number of ideological issues fight in more protracted conflicts and are not more likely to achieve favorable outcomes.-Reproduced https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10659129251362118?_gl=1*4gvbfu*_up*MQ..*_ga*MjMzNjk2NTEzLjE3NzY 3NTE3ODE.*_ga_60R758KFDG*czE3NzY3NTE3ODAkbzEkZzEkdDE3NzY3NTE4MDQkajM2JGwwJGgyNTQ0NDIwNjg. Political Research Quarterly AR 0 0 ddc 0 0 408225 IIPA IIPA 2026-04-21 78(4), Dec, 2025: p.1348-1362 AR138566 2026-04-21 AR