01870nam a22001097a 4500008004100000100003900041245011700080260005500197300003200252520142100284773005501705260424b           ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aKumar, Devendra and  Singh, Rahul   aIdentifying effective communication channels for financial inclusion: Evidence from self-funded retirement plans  aMargin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research    a19(2), Nov, 2025: p.205-228  aThis study empirically examines the relative effectiveness of print and digital media in promoting self-funded retirement plans as a pathway to financial inclusion in India. Using data from the NABARD All India Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016–2017, and applying propensity score matching to mitigate selection bias, we compare how exposure to print and digital media influences household participation in voluntary retirement schemes. The findings reveal that for every 1,000 households, approximately 4.5 households that accessed financial information through digital media subscribed to a self-funded retirement plan, compared to only 2.5 households reached through print media. Nearly 80 per cent of Indian households remain without any retirement plan, with substantial state-level disparities in subscription patterns. By clearly distinguishing between traditional and digital communication channels, this study advances understanding of how information delivery shapes financial behaviour. The findings contribute to the policy discourse on effective communication for financial inclusion, offering guidance for prioritising digital outreach in national financial literacy initiatives.-Reproduced 

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00252921251394817?_gl=1*1r05shz*_up*MQ..*_ga*
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MwNzckajI4JGwwJGg5NTkxNjYxMTk.  aMargin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research