02046nam a22001457a 4500999001900000008004100019100004600060245011700106260005500223300003200278520142100310773005501731942000701786952010701793  c533116d533116260424b           ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aKumar, Devendra and  Singh, Rahul 960228  aIdentifying effective communication channels for financial inclusion: Evidence from self-funded retirement plans  aMargin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research    a19(2), Nov, 2025: p.205-228  aThis study empirically examines the relative effectiveness of print and digital media in promoting self-funded retirement plans as a pathway to financial inclusion in India. Using data from the NABARD All India Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016–2017, and applying propensity score matching to mitigate selection bias, we compare how exposure to print and digital media influences household participation in voluntary retirement schemes. The findings reveal that for every 1,000 households, approximately 4.5 households that accessed financial information through digital media subscribed to a self-funded retirement plan, compared to only 2.5 households reached through print media. Nearly 80 per cent of Indian households remain without any retirement plan, with substantial state-level disparities in subscription patterns. By clearly distinguishing between traditional and digital communication channels, this study advances understanding of how information delivery shapes financial behaviour. The findings contribute to the policy discourse on effective communication for financial inclusion, offering guidance for prioritising digital outreach in national financial literacy initiatives.-Reproduced 

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00252921251394817?_gl=1*1r05shz*_up*MQ..*_ga*
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