01169nam a22001097a 4500008004100000100006400041245005800105260003300163300004400196520078600240773003301026260724b           ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aKaur, Sandeep  Kadian, Himanshu Singh and Singh, Mankirat    aThe unequal burden of groundwater depletion in Punjab  aEconomic & Political Weekly   a61(26-27), Jun 27, Jul 4, 2026: p.82-89  aThe primary data analysis from groundwater-stressed districts of Punjab reveals an inverse relationship between operational landholding size and groundwater productivity. Marginal farmers achieve significantly higher irrigation water productivity, recording 3.32 kg/m³ for wheat and 0.60 kg/m³ for paddy, compared to large farmers who record only 1.71 kg/m³ and 0.29 kg/m³, respectively. Large farmers, equipped with deep tube wells and high-powered motor pumps, extract groundwater at a scale that marginal farmers cannot match. Also, access to minimum support price to water-intensive crops, free electricity and deep tube wells incentives inefficient use.- Reproduced 

https://www.epw.in/journal/2026/26-27/special-articles/unequal-burden-groundwater-depletion-punjab.html
  aEconomic & Political Weekly