01614pab a2200169 454500008004000000100001600040245008300056260000900139300001400148362000800162520111200170650003301282650003301315650002601348650001801374773005201392180718b2002   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aKim, Pan S.  aCivil service reform in Japan and Korea: toward competitiveness and competency  c2002  ap.389-403  aSep  aGovernmental problems still exist in Japan and Korea even though the two nations have achieved substantial economic and political development in modern times.  Such problems include a low ranking in world competitiveness in government and a lack of competency.  Furthermore, rigid and closed systems for employment and promotion still prevail without many improvements in human resource management.  Recently, both the Japanese and Korean governments have paid serious attention to new challenges such as globalization and informatization.  In order to improve competitiveness and competency, both governments have attempted to reform the civil service in more flexible and open manners.  Japan and Korea as geographic neighbors have, in general, many similarities, although some may see more differences than similarities.  This article cannot provide a full picture of both nations' governmental problems, but a study of civil service reform is meaningful for improving human resource management in the government of both countries as well as understanding Asian public personnel management. - Reproduced.  aCivil service reform - Japan  aCivil service reform - Korea  aCivil service - Japan  aCivil service  aInternational Review of Administrative Sciences