Brinkerhoff, Derick W. creator Brinkerhoff, Jennifer M. text xu| 2002 continuing ng p.511-31. This article investigates the multifaceted nature of governance reforms in failed states, and the complex interplay of technical and political factors. It examines three questions: (1) What do the theory and practice of international assistance in public administration tell us about building and/or repairing governance systems? (2) What are the challenges to applying these lessons and models to failed/failing states? and (3) What are the corresponding implications for promoting sustainable governance strategies? The discussion shows how the synoptic efforts to grapple with the `big picture' are often undermined by the operational nitty-gritty of donor agency procedures and aid delivery mechanisms on the ground.Attention to the complexity of shifting foreign assistance agendas, the application and refinement of analytic and process tools, appropriate incorporation of sometimes conflicting values and agendas and democratic processes to maximize effectiveness can contribute to bringing the conceptual and the practical aspects of promoting governance reforms in failed states closer together - Reproduced. Administrative reform International Review of Administrative Sciences 180718