01422pab a2200133 454500008004000000100001500040245004400055260000900099300001500108362000800123520109000131650002001221773004701241180718b2002   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aParker, D.  aEconomic regulation: a review of issues  c2002  ap.439-519.  aDec  aThis article surveys a range of issues relating to economic regulation. It begins by examining market and state failures which provide the basis for arguments in support of regulation.  Concentrating on natural monopolies, the article outlines the main forms of economic regulation, namely rate-of-return or cost-of service regulation, price-cap regulation, and sliding scale regulation, a hybrid between price-cap and rate-of-return approaches.  Reference is made to the broad phases that need to be considered in the evolution of natural monopoly regulation.  These are concerned with regulating the incumbent monopoly, promoting and policing the development of competition, and maintaining competition once it has been introduced. The last phase may be better served through the use of effective national competition laws rather than dedicated sector regulation.  The article also examines the range of factors that are likely to affect the economic efficiency and effectiveness of regulation.  These involve a mixture of economic, political and governance conditions. - Reproduced.  aEconomic policy  aAnnals of Public and Cooperative Economics