Modern complex and large organizations require effective leadership at different levels of hierarchy to achieve excellence of results. The traditional theories of leadership have concentrated upon identifying the styles, skills and strategies of effective leadership. Recent literature, however, has focused upon studying the interplay between ethical character, technical competence and practical skills of highly effective leaders. The present paper attempts to review the recent developments in the field of leadership and to develop an integrated view of leadership character and competence based on charismatic, transformational, attribution, visionary, ethical and spiritual perspectives. The implications of leadership characteristics have been identified in terms of leadership skills. - Reproduced.