01383pab a2200145 454500008004000000100001700040245009700057260000900154300001500163362000800178520095300186650002001139650002601159773005201185180718b2003   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aKudo, Hiroko  aBetween the `governance' model and the policy evaluation act: new public management in Japan  c2003  ap.483-504.  aDec  aThis article tries to describe Japanese NPM (New Public Management) from two opposite poles: from the national legislative framework and from an experimental example in local government. Since the late 1990s, although NPM was developed from Anglo-Saxon experiences, it has been implemented in Japan at the national level in a unique manner. The crisis in public finance, the urgent need for public sector reform and political instability led to two extreme options: self-reform by the bureaucracy itself; and citizen empowerment resulting in pressure on the bureaucracy. While the second one has been struggling to obtain public consensus, expertise for its practice and institutionalization, the first has resulted, to a certain extent, in the reorganization and restructuring of administrative institutions and in the establishment of both a legal framework and an operational system for measuring performance and evaluating policy. - Reproduced.  aGood governance  aPublic administration  aInternational Review of Administrative Sciences