Venida, Victor S. creator text xu| 2007 continuing ng p.58-79. The article uses a formal model to estimate rates of surplus creation and use for the Philippines. Input-output tables from 1961 to 1994 were used in the estimation. The theoretical framework was the model of social disarticulation, which argued that income inequality and labor surplus resulted in substantial rates of surplus. Results for the Philippines confirmed these arguments and also suggested that a large portion of the surplus might have been devoted to unproductive purposes. - Reproduced. Marxian, economics Review of Radical Political Economics 180718