Huque, Ahmed Shafiqul creator text xu| 2008 continuing ng p.255-274. In the developing countries, market-oriented reforms in the public sector have resulted in new problems. Small reductions in direct costs are overshadowed by indirect costs in the form of increased unemployment and economic inequality, as well as additional transaction costs incurred due to corruption and mismanagement. Public organizations are unable to compete successfully in a free market due to lack of experience in a competitive setting, and private providers of public services acquire more power. Conflicts arise between service providers and customers as well as between those competing to win contracts. therefore, reforms fail to achieve their objectives. - Reproduced. Public utilities Indian Journal of Public Administration 180718