Meier, Kenneth J. creator Hawes, Daniel P. text xu| 2009 continuing ng p.269-85. In the last 3 years, France has seen a series of violent protests by ethnic minorities in regard to jobs, legal discrimination, and access to positions in the public bureaucracy. Because France as a nation rejects the concepts of race and ethnicity, it has also failed to consider any possible benefits that might accrue from a representative bureaucracy. This article examines whether French ethnic protests are linked to bureaucratic access issues and how a policy seeking a more representative bureaucracy might benefit the French Republic. - Reproduced. Ethnic groups - France Civil service - France Ethnic conflicts - France Ethnic conflicts American Review of Public Administration 180718