01423pab a2200145 454500008004000000100002100040245008500061260000900146300001400155362001200169520102700181650001801208700001801226773003301244180718b2009   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aChristensen, Tom  aLiving in the past? Change and continuity in the Norwegian central civil service  c2009  ap.951-61.  aSep-Oct  aIn this article, the authors describe the changes that have taken place in the Norwegian civil service over the past 30 years, focusing on demographic changes in education and gender and on changes in civil servants' tasks, attitudes, and contact patterns. The changes are analyzed using tenure, structural, and demographic perspectives. The unique empirical database is provided by surveys conducted every 10 years of civil servants in the ministries since 1976. The main empirical findings are that there has been a combination of robustness and change. The findings show little support for the generational version of a tenure perspective, meaning that civil servants are not living in the past. The structural perspective, illustrated by the importance of formal position, best explains the variations in civil servants' contact patterns and attitudes, followed by the career version of a tenure perspective. Demography, as represented by different educational backgrounds and gender, also has an effect. - Reproduced.  aCivil service  aLaegreid, Per  aPublic Administration Review