01239pab a2200133 454500008004000000100002700040245005900067260000900126300001600135362000800151520086900159650002601028773005101054180718b2009   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aDenhardt, Janet et al.  aBarriers to citizen engagement in developing countries  c2009  ap.1268-288.  aDec  aDeveloping countries often face distinct and formidable challenges in their efforts to build citizen engagement and democratic governance processes. In this article, we examine these challenges and consider how they relate to international efforts to foster democratic governance in developing countries. We consider the impact on developing nations of external incentives, the absence of democratic culture and civil society, profound poverty, time pressures and demands for immediate results, and the lack of an institutional infrastructure. We find that existing international aid programs may, in some instances, actually work to thwart citizen engagement efforts. We conclude by suggesting how a realistic recognition of the barriers to citizen engagement in developing countries can inform international efforts to foster democratic governance. - Reproduced.  aWorkers participation  aInternational Journal of Public Administration