02102pab a2200169 454500008004000000100001900040245011300059260000900172300001500181362000800196520158500204650002601789650002601815650001601841700002301857773005201880180718b2012   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aPark, Sung Min  aOf alternating waves and shifting shores: The configuration of reform values in the U.S. federal bureaucracy  c2012  ap.514-536.  aSep  aScholars have noted that United States federal government reforms come in waves (Barley and Kunda, 1992; Kettl, 2002; Light, 1998), often accompanied by values that alternate between rational and normative conceptions of public administration and service. The idea of alternation also suggests the importance of time in gauging the effect of new reforms when previous reforms have accumulated from the past (see Pollitt, 2008). Time is a necessary variable in implementing reforms; time is crucial to know if reform values have taken hold. Extending Paul Lightﾒs (1998) reform waves metaphor, we investigate here whether two predominant management philosophies have influenced and reconfigured the shoreline of values found among federal agencies over a particular period of time. Using empirical methods, we examine how the values of New Public Management and its humanist (post-NPM) counterpart have settled and taken hold among US federal agencies. We followed three lines of inquiry: determining the existence of reform values in the bureaucracy, examining the prevalence of different sets of values, and investigating whether ﾑcrowding outﾒ of values occurred, that is, whether there was a detectable shift in the distribution of values as a new wave came on top of others. Our analysis yields evidence for the predominance of certain NPM and post-NPM values and indicates that bureaucracy concurrently holds what may be regarded as   competing values side-by-side. Implications for research and future reforms are suggested in the final section of the article. - Repro  aPublic administration  aAdministrative reform  aBureaucracy  aJoaquin, M. Ernita  aInternational Review of Administrative Sciences