01618pab a2200181 454500008004000000100002200040245008300062260000900145300001500154362001200169520105800181650002601239773003301265908000601298909001001304999001701314952010501331180718b2012   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  aHood, Christopher  aPublic management by numbers as a performance - enhancing drug: Two hypotheses  c2012  ap.S85-S92.  aNov-Dec  aﾓPublic management by numbersﾔ has experienced an international policy boom in recent decades, and big claims have been made about its performance-enhancing effects. But it is hard to assess such claims systematically, even though we can find dramatic anecdotes of cases in which management by numbers seems to have had performance-weakening as well as performance-enhancing effects. In an attempt to build on studies that have gone beyond critiquing the statistical validity and reliability of performance numbers for public services, this article develops two hypotheses about performance enhancement, arguing that (1) the performance-enhancing (or -obstructing) effects of management by numbers will vary according towhether the numbers are used for the purposes of targets, rankings, or ﾓintelligence,ﾔ and (2) the performance-enhancing (or -obstructing) effects of those three applications will vary according to the culture in which they operate, working differently in hierarchist, egalitarian, individualist, and fatalist settings. - Rep  aPublic administration  aPublic Administration Review  aN  a98755  c98754d98754  00104070aIIPAbIIPAd2018-07-19hVolume no: 72, Issue no: S1pAR99215r2018-07-19w2018-07-19yAR