000			01552nam a2200169 4500
999			_c507400 _d507400
008			190212b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aRosenbloom, David H. _91558
245			_aMadison's Ratchet: _bambition counteracting ambition and the aggregation of political, managerial, and legal controls over federal administration
260			_c2018
300			_ap.495-505.
520			_aIn Federalist 47 and 51, James Madison contended that the accumulation of legislative, executive, and judicial powers in the hands of one body or person would produce tyranny. He explained that one defense against such tyranny was to make “ambition . . . counteract ambition” by giving each of the three constitutional branches of the federal government the “means,” “motives,” and wherewithal to “resist encroachments” on their powers by another. However, after the development of the contemporary administrative state in the 1930s, rather than serving as a check against encroachments alone, the process of ambition counteracting ambition prompts each branch to develop its own set of controls over federal agencies without necessarily trenching on the powers of the other branches. “Madison’s Ratchet” is the tendency for these controls overwhelmingly to aggregate and thereby vastly complicate federal administration. - Reproduced.
650			_aPolitical parties - USA _91559
700			_aNewbold, Stephanie P. _91560
773			_aAmerican Review of Public Administration
906			_aPublic administration - U.S.
942			_2ddc _cAR