000			01607nam a22001457a 4500
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100			_aBoer, Noortje de _924180
245			_aHow do citizens assess street‐level bureaucrats’ warmth and competence? A typology and test
260			_aPublic Administration Review
300			_a80(4), Jul-Aug, 2020: p.532-542
520			_aCitizens encounter many street‐level bureaucrats in their lifetime. How do they assess the traits of the bureaucrats they meet? Understanding citizens’ assessments of bureaucrats is important, because citizens are not passive receivers of policies. This article explores citizens’ classifications of street‐level bureaucrats based on their core task. Using a factorial survey (n = 580), three clusters of bureaucrats are identified: those who are regulation oriented, those who are service oriented, and those who are both regulation and service oriented. Then, the article tests how these three types of bureaucrats are assessed on warmth and competence and whether their gender matters. A between‐subjects experiment (n = 1,602) reveals that regulation‐oriented bureaucrats are assessed as least competent and warm. Moreover, regardless of core task, female bureaucrats are assessed as warmer than males. Female and male bureaucrats are assessed as equally competent. This article shows that bureaucrats are stereotyped by citizens and discusses the implications for the public management literature. – Reproduced
773			_aPublic Administration Review
906			_aPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
942			_cAR