000			01132nam a22001457a 4500
999			_c517129 _d517129
008			210702b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aHanlon, W. Walker _926151
245			_aCoal Smoke, City Growth, and the Costs of the Industrial Revolution
260			_aThe Economic Journal
300			_a130(626), Feb, 2020: p.462-488
520			_aThis article provides the first rigorous estimates of how industrial air pollution from coal burning affects long-run city growth. I introduce a new theoretically grounded strategy for estimating this relationship and apply it to data from highly polluted British cities from 1851 to 1911. I show that local industrial coal use substantially reduced long-run city employment and population growth. Moreover, a counterfactual analysis suggests that plausible improvements in coal-use efficiency would have led to a higher urbanisation rate in Britain by 1911. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of air pollution and the environmental costs of industrialisation. – Reproduced
773			_aThe Economic Journal
906			_aURBAN DEVELOPMENT
942			_cAR