000			01090nam a22001457a 4500
999			_c517959 _d517959
008			210806b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aBonica, Adam and Sen, Maya _928329
245			_aEstimating judicial ideology
260			_aThe Journal of Economic Perspectives
300			_a35(1), Winter, 2021: p.97-118
520			_aWe review the substantial literature on estimating judicial ideology, from the US Supreme Court to the lowest state court. As a way to showcase the strengths and drawbacks of various measures, we further analyze trends in judicial polarization within the US federal courts. Our analysis shows substantial gaps in the ideology of judges appointed by Republican Presidents versus those appointed by Democrats. Similar to trends in Congressional polarization, the increasing gap is mostly driven by a rightward movement by judges appointed by Republicans. We conclude by noting important avenues for future research in the study of the ideology of judges. – Reproduced
773			_aThe Journal of Economic Perspectives
906			_aJUDICIARY
942			_cAR